Noise over homes · Single-Delivery Impact Cork · Marina Market Depot

Repeated drone noise changes how a home feels.

A single flight may be brief. Repeated flights are different. When commercial drones pass over homes again and again, the issue is not just decibels. It is interruption, anticipation and loss of quiet in places where people should be able to rest, work, garden, sleep and spend time with their families.

Food delivery is not an emergency service. Residents should not have to absorb a new commercial noise source over their homes for the convenience of deliveries they may never use.


One delivery, thousands of buildings within earshot.

Every delivery sweeps an audible noise corridor across the streets below it. The further the destination sits from the depot, the more buildings fall inside that corridor.

Fig. 01 · Corridor
DronePath noise corridor from the Marina Market depot (D) to Bessboro (C) in Cork, showing five coloured ground-level noise bands — deep red along the flight line, fading through orange and yellow to green at the audible edge — over the residential streets between them.
Single-delivery corridor from Marina Market (D) to Bessboro (C) — the furthest of the four destinations modelled below. Coloured bands show ground-level noise relative to each building’s own local background: red where it is loudest along the flight line, fading to green at the audible edge. Source: dronepath.net.

What residents are experiencing Reported by residents

Average per single delivery
3,079
buildings inside the audible footprint per single delivery, averaged across four destinations. These are counts of buildings, not people — one building may house several residents or none. Modelled estimate

The headline counts buildings, each once. Audible exposures run higher: the corridor is flown twice — outbound and return — so most buildings hear a single delivery at least twice.

2,025Lowest
Ballintemple
5,232Highest
Bessboro

You hear it before you see it. Because the sound spreads outward in every direction, it reaches far beyond the buildings directly under the line — on the order of 100–300 m to either side, depending on how quiet things are — narrower where the local background is already higher. Most people register a delivery by ear first: it announces itself well before it is overhead, and is still audible after it has passed.


Hear it for yourself.

Decibels only tell half the story. Manna says the drones are no louder than everyday background noise — so here is what one delivery actually sounds like passing over a home, in real time.

One delivery, in real time. Listen to the sound — and notice how long it stays overhead. The person receiving it is inside. Everyone else on the street has to live with this. Turn sound on.

“No louder than a lawnmower.” Often true on paper — but the character of a sound decides how much it grates. A drone’s pitch, tonal whine and the way it moves overhead make it carry and intrude in a way a steady background hum does not, even at the same measured loudness.

Resident footage, used with permission. Your device volume is not calibrated, so this conveys the character of the sound rather than a measured level — the decibel figures elsewhere on this page come from the Trinity College Dublin study (Nash & Kennedy, 2024).


02

Breakdown by destination

Ballintempleclosest
~1.2 km
2,025Buildings within earshot
Loud / V.loud266
Clearly aud.271
Noticeable526
Faint962
Ballinloughmid
~2.0 km
2,188Buildings within earshot
Loud / V.loud366
Clearly aud.328
Noticeable526
Faint968
Blackrockmid
~2.6 km
2,871Buildings within earshot
Loud / V.loud89
Clearly aud.133
Noticeable749
Faint1,900
Bessboro ↑furthest
~3.0 km
5,232Buildings within earshot
Loud / V.loud1,023
Clearly aud.897
Noticeable1,256
Faint2,056

Bar lengths are scaled to a common maximum so destinations can be compared directly. The closest destination affects the fewest buildings; the furthest, the most. The top band combines Loud and Very loud, as the model reports them together here.


What the bands mean
How loud is “loud”?

Each band shows how far a single overflight rises above that building’s own local background — quiet streets show the drone standing out more, busy roads less. Where it sits below a building’s background it is Masked and not counted. (Absolute dBA examples assume a quiet ~42 dBA suburban background; on busier streets the same band means a higher absolute level.)

Very loud
25 dB or more above local background · ~67 dBA+ at ground
Loud
15–25 dB above local background · ~57–67 dBA
Clearly audible
10–15 dB above local background · ~52–57 dBA
Noticeable
5–10 dB above local background · ~47–52 dBA
Faint
0–5 dB above (just audible) · ~42–47 dBA
Masked
at or below local background · not counted

EPA’s Lden background is a 24-hour average that includes evening and night penalties, so it tends to overstate the quiet daytime background. That makes these “stands out above background” counts conservative — in genuinely quiet periods more buildings would hear the drone than the figures show.

A note on sound character
How loud isn’t the whole story.
PLAN VIEW FORWARD DIRECTLY BELOW loudest · deep thump whine quieter whine quieter carries furthest along the path

Where a home sits relative to the flight line changes both how loud a pass is and what it sounds like. Trinity College Dublin’s measurements found the overall level is highest directly beneath the drone, and the sound carries further forward and back along the flight path than out to the sides — the airframe partly shields the sideways direction.

The character shifts with angle too. Directly underneath, low frequencies dominate — a deep thump. Off to the side, more of the high-frequency, tonal content comes through: the whinier, more modulated sound people most often describe as annoying.

Listening studies consistently find drone noise rated more annoying than road traffic at the same loudness — on the order of a 5–6 dB equivalent penalty (NASA’s WGA-I tests; EMPA; Gwak et al.), with the effect largest in quiet areas. These are population averages for the acoustic component only, not a verdict about any one home.

A single dBA figure captures none of this. The readings above measure loudness — not character, and not direction.


More of the evidence
How visible is it overhead? → Birds, bats & the law →
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